组件库参考

所有可用组件和动画类型的最小可运行代码片段

基础元素

Text — 文字

t = Text("量子场论", font_size=56, color="#8b5cf6")
t = Text("Hello World", font_size=36, color=WHITE, font="PingFang SC")
t = Text("粗体", font_size=40, weight=BOLD)
t = Text("斜体", font_size=40, slant=ITALIC)

MathTex — 数学公式

f = MathTex(r"E = mc^2", font_size=60, color=BLUE)
f = MathTex(r"\frac{d}{dx} f(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h}", font_size=40)
f = MathTex(r"\int_0^1 x^2 \, dx = \frac{1}{3}", font_size=36, color="#06b6d4")

注意：不要在 MathTex 里写中文，用 Text()。

Dot — 点

d = Dot([x, y, 0], radius=0.1, color=RED)
d = Dot(color="#8b5cf6")  # 默认在原点

Line — 线

l = Line([x1, y1, 0], [x2, y2, 0], color=WHITE, stroke_width=3)
l = DashedLine(start, end, color=GREY, dash_length=0.1)

Arrow — 箭头

a = Arrow([x1, y1, 0], [x2, y2, 0], buff=0, color=YELLOW, stroke_width=4)
a = Arrow(start, end, buff=0)  # buff=0 让箭头精确到达端点

Circle / Rectangle

c = Circle(radius=1, color="#8b5cf6", fill_opacity=0.3, stroke_width=3)
r = Rectangle(width=4, height=2, color=BLUE, fill_opacity=0.2)
sq = Square(side_length=1.5, color=GREEN)

坐标系

Axes — 二维坐标系

axes = Axes(
    x_range=[-3, 3, 1],       # [min, max, step]
    y_range=[-1, 5, 1],
    x_length=10,               # 屏幕单位
    y_length=6,
    axis_config={"include_numbers": True, "font_size": 20},
).shift(DOWN * 0.3)

# 坐标标签
labels = axes.get_axis_labels(x_label="x", y_label="y")

# 坐标转屏幕坐标
point = axes.c2p(2, 3)  # 数据坐标 → 屏幕坐标

NumberPlane — 网格

grid = NumberPlane(
    x_range=[-4, 4, 1], y_range=[-3, 3, 1],
    background_line_style={"stroke_color": BLUE_E, "stroke_width": 0.5, "stroke_opacity": 0.3},
)

NumberLine — 数轴

nl = NumberLine(x_range=[-3, 3, 1], length=10, include_numbers=True, font_size=24)
dot = Dot(nl.n2p(2), radius=0.1, color=RED)  # n2p: 数值 → 屏幕坐标

函数绘图

plot — 函数曲线

curve = axes.plot(lambda x: x**2, x_range=[-2.5, 2.5], color="#8b5cf6", stroke_width=3)
curve = axes.plot(np.sin, x_range=[0, 2*PI], color=YELLOW)

ParametricFunction — 参数曲线

circle = ParametricFunction(
    lambda t: axes.c2p(np.cos(t), np.sin(t)),
    t_range=[0, TAU], color=BLUE,
)

get_area — 曲线下面积

area = axes.get_area(curve, x_range=[1, 3], color=["#8b5cf6", "#06b6d4"], opacity=0.4)

get_riemann_rectangles — Riemann 矩形

dx = 3.0 / 20  # x_range 宽度 / 矩形数
rects = axes.get_riemann_rectangles(
    curve, x_range=[1, 4], dx=dx,
    color=[BLUE_E, BLUE_D, BLUE_C],
    fill_opacity=0.5, stroke_width=1,
)

动画类型

Write — 书写

self.play(Write(formula), run_time=1.5)  # 逐符号书写

FadeIn / FadeOut

self.play(FadeIn(obj), run_time=1)
self.play(FadeIn(obj, shift=UP * 0.3), run_time=1)  # 带位移
self.play(FadeOut(obj), run_time=0.5)

Create — 绘制

self.play(Create(axes), run_time=1)      # 绘制坐标系
self.play(Create(curve), run_time=1.5)   # 绘制曲线
self.play(Create(line), run_time=1)      # 绘制直线

Transform — 变形

self.play(Transform(formula1, formula2), run_time=1.2)  # formula1 变成 formula2 的样子

GrowFromCenter / GrowArrow

self.play(GrowFromCenter(obj), run_time=1)   # 从中心放大
self.play(GrowArrow(arrow), run_time=1)      # 箭头生长

MoveToTarget

obj.generate_target()
obj.target.move_to([2, 1, 0]).scale(0.5)
self.play(MoveToTarget(obj), run_time=1)

动态动画

ValueTracker + always_redraw

x_val = ValueTracker(1.0)

# 移动的点
dot = always_redraw(lambda: Dot(
    axes.c2p(x_val.get_value(), func(x_val.get_value())),
    color=RED, radius=0.08,
))

# 切线
def get_tangent():
    x0 = x_val.get_value()
    slope = derivative(x0)
    x1, x2 = x0 - 1, x0 + 1
    y1 = func(x0) + slope * (x1 - x0)
    y2 = func(x0) + slope * (x2 - x0)
    return Line(axes.c2p(x1, y1), axes.c2p(x2, y2), color=GREEN, stroke_width=3)

tangent = always_redraw(get_tangent)

self.add(dot, tangent)
self.play(x_val.animate.set_value(5), run_time=4, rate_func=smooth)

TracedPath — 轨迹追踪

trail = TracedPath(lambda: dot.get_center(), stroke_color="#06b6d4", stroke_width=3)
self.add(trail)

DecimalNumber — 数字动画

counter = DecimalNumber(0, num_decimal_places=0, font_size=64, color="#8b5cf6")
self.play(counter.animate.set_value(100), run_time=2, rate_func=linear)

几何变换

self.play(Rotate(obj, angle=PI), run_time=1)          # 旋转
self.play(obj.animate.scale(2), run_time=1)            # 缩放
self.play(obj.animate.shift(RIGHT * 2), run_time=1)    # 平移
self.play(obj.animate.move_to([1, 2, 0]), run_time=1)  # 移到绝对位置
self.play(obj.animate.flip(LEFT), run_time=1)          # 镜像翻转
obj.next_to(other, RIGHT, buff=0.2)                    # 相对定位
obj.to_edge(UP, buff=0.3)                              # 贴边

强调效果

SurroundingRectangle — 矩形框

rect = SurroundingRectangle(formula, color="#8b5cf6", buff=0.15, corner_radius=0.1)
self.play(Create(rect), run_time=0.6)

Brace — 花括号

brace = BraceBetweenPoints(axes.c2p(1, 0), axes.c2p(3, 0), color=YELLOW)
text = brace.get_text("interval")
self.play(Create(brace), FadeIn(text), run_time=0.6)

Indicate — 脉冲高亮

self.play(Indicate(formula, color="#8b5cf6", scale_factor=1.3), run_time=0.8)

Flash — 闪光

self.play(Flash(dot, color=YELLOW, line_length=0.4, num_lines=12), run_time=0.8)

Circumscribe — 围绕高亮

self.play(Circumscribe(text, color="#8b5cf6", time_width=2), run_time=1)

动画编排

LaggedStart — 交错出现

self.play(LaggedStart(*[FadeIn(d, shift=UP*0.3) for d in dots], lag_ratio=0.15), run_time=1.5)

Succession — 顺序串联

self.play(anim1, run_time=0.5)
self.play(anim2, run_time=0.5)
# 或用 Succession(anim1, anim2, lag_ratio=0)

AnimationGroup — 同时播放

self.play(AnimationGroup(FadeIn(a), FadeIn(b), FadeIn(c), lag_ratio=0), run_time=1)

3D

ThreeDScene

class Demo3D(ThreeDScene):
    def construct(self):
        axes = ThreeDAxes()
        self.set_camera_orientation(phi=60*DEGREES, theta=30*DEGREES)
        self.play(Create(axes))
        self.begin_ambient_camera_rotation(rate=0.8)
        self.wait(3)

Surface — 3D 曲面

surface = Surface(
    lambda u, v: axes.c2p(u, v, np.sin(u) * np.cos(v)),
    u_range=[-2.5, 2.5], v_range=[-2.5, 2.5],
    resolution=(24, 24), fill_opacity=0.6,
    checkerboard_colors=["#8b5cf6", "#06b6d4"],
)

MovingCameraScene — 镜头缩放

class ZoomScene(MovingCameraScene):
    def construct(self):
        obj = Dot([2, 1, 0], color=RED)
        self.play(FadeIn(obj))
        self.play(self.camera.frame.animate.scale(0.5).move_to(obj), run_time=1)
        self.play(self.camera.frame.animate.scale(2), run_time=1)

常用参数

参数	说明	示例
`font_size`	文字/公式大小	`font_size=36`
`color`	颜色	`color="#8b5cf6"` 或 `color=BLUE`
`stroke_width`	线宽	`stroke_width=3`
`fill_opacity`	填充透明度	`fill_opacity=0.4`
`buff`	间距	`buff=0.2`
`run_time`	动画时长（秒）	`run_time=1.5`
`rate_func`	缓动函数	`rate_func=smooth` / `linear`
`shift`	相对位移	`shift=UP * 0.5`
`to_edge`	贴边	`to_edge(UP, buff=0.3)`

品牌色

PURPLE = "#8b5cf6"   # 紫色（标题、强调）
CYAN = "#06b6d4"     # 青色（副标题、辅助）

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